Telautography



'Een 20,1927.' 1,653,425

H. G. BARTHoLoMEw ET Al.A

TELAUTOGRAPHY Filed July s. 1922 6 sheetsheet 1 Dec. 20, 1927. l 1,653,425

H. G. BARTHoLoMEw E1' AL w TELAUTOGRAPHY Filed July 5. l12h22. 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 De@ 2o, 1927. 1,653,425

' H. G. BARTHOLOMEW ET AL TEL-'AUTOGRAPHY Filed July 3, 1922 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 H. G. BARTHOLOMEW ET AL TELAUTOGRAPHY Filed July 5, 1922 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 M i\ fx @la v" [arf/222m: f BaMa/amava JZ @afar/efr@ fm? Mg/ TELAUTOGRAVPHY Filed July 5. 1922 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 Patented. Dec. 20, i927.V

HARRY GUY BARTIVQLOMEW AND 'JJELAUTOGRAPHY.-

' Application med-July 3, 1922, Serial No. 572,664, and in Great Britain This invention relates to phototelegraphy. Y

The main objection to known processes of" telautography or phototelegraphy is due to the time occupied in coding the transmission of the coded message vand in decoding.

' By coding in the preceding paragraph is meant the utilization of personal judgment in translating tone values into 'conventional indications by visual analysis of the several small areas of which the original is composed and representing the tones by letters or series or combinations of dots, perforations or other signs.

The object of the present invention stated broadly is to form without the intervention of personal judgment, an intermediate record in the form of a marked tape or band adapted to be employed in the operation of an automatic telegraphic transmitting machine or to be formed by an automatic telegraphic receiving machine.`

Preferably, vthe marked tap-e is of a character adapted to be produced by or employed in the automatic control of standard telegraphic machines, and ordinarily the tape or band will be marked by punching or perforating means operated according to varia tions in an electric current cont-rolled by a representation of the image to be transmitted. Y Y

This representation may be formed in any suitable manner, such. as by a photographic repreentation on a plate of conducting material, by aV record formed in plastic material, by reflective areas formed on an otherwise nonreiiective surface or lother suitable means.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved method of securing the desired gradation, which method: may be applicable to other processes of phototelegraphy than that described in the foregoing as well as to other purposes.

This phase of the invention comprises forming a plurality of representations from the original, differing one from the other in that they each correspond to given fractions of the tones or ranges of tone in the original. l

Thus one representation may comprise only the deepest tones or full shadows of the original, 'a second may include only the next lighter tones or both these tones and the full shadows, a third including still lighter tones, and so on.

Four or five of such represent-ations will usually be found suliicient, and by their aid o- 1s-seais PATENT ort-fics.A

September .19, 1921.

a composite reproduction on a singlesurface MAYNARD LESLIE DEEDES MQLARLA'NE, or LONDON, ENGLAND. g Y t l is made at the receiving station in order to v provide a final result which shall agree sufciently for most practical purposes with the gradation in the original. y

When employing these representations for the purposes of phototelegraphy they may be ytransmitted in succession so that a reproduction of each of them is secured at the receiving station and then with the aid of these reproductions as, for instance, by a plurality of printing operations, photographic or otherwise, a composite result comprising the several representations 'substantention at present to limit the scope of the protection to any" particular field.

A still further feature of the invention is based upon the observation that it is unnecessary to advance the light sensitive surface in a stepwise manner in relation to a source of light adapted to operate upon successive areas of the said surface to produce a pictorial representation from an intermediate record. Y

According to this feature of the invention the light sensitive wsurface and an intermediate record on which in equal lengths of travel the tone values'of equal areas are recorded are caused to travel continuously or uninterruptedly.

The following particulars are given by way of example to illustrate in detail -suitable methods of carrying the invention into effect and the means employed therefor, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which Y Figure 1 is a front elevation, and

Figure 2 is a side elevation of a` device adapted to operate on a plurality ofrepresentations in forming an intermediate record as described in Example l. -Figure 3 is an elevation partly in section of a perforator adapted to form an intermediate record in the form of a punched tape when its operation is, for instance, controlled by the device illustrated by the' preloo i-HU

ceding figures, and in the manner described in -Example I. 'I t Figure 4 is a view in elevation partly in section in a vertical plane at right angles to the lane of Figure 3, illustrating a portion of t is device.

Figure 5 is a detail thereof. n

Figure 6 is a view of another detail, and

Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating the electrical connections of the apparatus.

Figure 8 illustrates the device emplo ed in formingtthe visual reproduction w en controlled by the tape.

Figure 9 illustrates diagrammatically the machine known as the 6A machine perforator of `the Western Electric Company with an accessory device knownras therelay box associated therewith. This machine, to which no claim is made herein, is adapted to form a punched tape of the nnit code type andA may be controlled in .accordance with the invention to produce an intermediate record,

'for instance as described in Fxamples II,

III, and 1V.

Figure.l0 is a view in elevation of an apparatus for forming a visual reproduction by the employment of a tape such as may be produced in 'a machine as illustrated in Figure 9.

Figure 11 is a front elevation and Figure 12 isa side elevation of an apparatus adapted for use in forming an intermediate record from a half-tone77 or like screen representation ofthe original.

Example I.

In this example a plurality of representa` tions (four will be referred to although more may be used) formed from the original, each representation corresponding with a particular range of tones, is employed and an intermediate record is formed on a transmitting ta A Y iehe four representations, l, 1, 1b, and 1 see Figures 1.and 2) are formed on a thin zinc plate by coating the same with gum and sensitizing m themanner usual in forming -gum bichromate prints or in forming a photo-'print on a metal plate which is subsequentl subjected to an etching process. The eveloped and dried prints are then baked and mounted on a mandrel 2 secured to a spindle 3, the portion of which eX- tending beyond one end of the Vmandrel is provided with a lead screw 4 operating in a fixed nut 5 in order tocause the mandrel to travel in an axialg-direction, the other end of' the spindle being mounted in a suitable bearing 6..

The spindle is connected with the portion 'of the device adapted to produce the intermediate i'ecord which imparts to the rec-V ord receivingr material f (in thisY case a paper tape) its feed motion. The connection may be mechanical but in the construction illustrated it is electrical, a commutator in the form of a toothed`wheel 7 being mounted v vsiliently mounted and adaptedto make an 'electrical connection through the metal plate on 1 which the -representations are formed -witli the. devices adapted to form on the record-receiving material the marks indicating the combined tone values otl the representations.

The perforator, the employment of which in forming the intermediate record will be VYdescribed, resei'nbles generally a known de-V vice, the Gell perforator, from which, however, it diifeis in that it does not necessarily scoiiiprise means for converting letters and numerals into combinations of punched holes and in that it does not, when used for vphototelegraphy ordinarily vary the feed of the tape according to -the number or arrangement ot marking holes formed therein.

A )Vith regard to this portion of the device we may say that we have employed the conl struction described mainly because the several parts thereof were available to us and were readily adapted for the purpose in view. A

The device (see Figures 3 to 7) comprises a casing 11 enclosing a portion of the mechanism, the top of the casing serving as a platform or support for numerous elements including three banks or punches. 12, 12a and :12", the bank 12 are carried by the slider 22 reciprocating therewith and operating as spacing pmiches adapted to form the feed holes in the tape and the second bank 12'l the marking holes, and the third bank 12" operating to form a rowrof holes which is merely necessary to enable the-tape to be employed in the operation of a :Wheatstone transmitter, and to enable a corresponding tapel to be produced at the receiving station,

byel Creed .or other suitable reperfo'rator; the punches are provided with a punch base 13, side guides 14, top plate 15 and bottom' guide plate 16, a distance piece 17 introduced between the bottom guide plate and the cutting die 18.; a checkstop plate 19 is vided to liniit theV upward travel of the punches by limitation of the upward motion of the slider 22 secured by trunnions 23 to the pit-man 24 which are drawn down under the action of the pair of perfor'ating solenoids 25 within which cores are arranged to move .the perforatin'g lever 26 in opposition'to the spring 27 about the pivot 28 whereby the pitmen secured. to the lever through pins 29 are operated, the lever be- "ing connected by the connecting rod 30 pro` slot and is free in the slider except when engaged by the associated interlocking bar 36 and will only be moved as the result of the motion of the slider when so engaged.

The interlocking bars, of which it has been found convenient to utilize eight when theA pictorial representation is divided into four components, areoperated by four electroelectromagnet which is energized by the pasthe representation isformed and the assosage of current through the ,metal on which ciated style and conductors. Thus, when in alllfour components of the-representation bare metal contacts. with .the four styles, all

`four electromagnets will be energized and all of the eight punches will be locked to -the slider and-will move down with it under the action of the perforating solenoids.

The feeding solenoid 38 operates upon a core 39 which is connected through .the bell-'v crank lever 40 and the pin 41 and connecting armf-.42.w'ith the oscillating arm A43 whichJ operates the active radial arm 44 with which -is associatedpthe active click 45 and active .click spring 46 and in the motion of the oscillating arm to the 'left under the action of the solenoid the active click moves idly over the ratchet wheel 47 mounted on the main feed shaft 48 on which also is mounted thel tape feed 'sprocket (not shown) provided with teeth engaging the holes formed in the tape by the central 'bank of punches. Return' motion of the oscillating arm to the right feeds the tape forward, a checkratchetwheel 49 associated vwith a check ratchet 50 operating to preventv overrunning. The movement of the oscillating arm to the left 'is effected by the action of the feeding solenoid and is limited to secure a constant throw or feed of the tape of, say, six or 'seven holes, the -spring retracting lthe oscillatingv arm to the right and movingA the feed wheel.

spring controlled pawlv as permitted by the 50a.l A

The commutator 7 described.operates. to intermittently energize a solenoid l51.".the core of which is connected to theyoke52 which is drawn up in oppl sition to the spring 53 and operates-throng the'rod' 54 and insulating roller 55 the key 56to cause the-contacts 57,

57*l thereon to make contact "in succession with the contact screws 58,58**,therebyA com.

.58", 58258g and then through the pleting, see Fig. 7, first the circuit through the feed solenoid 38 by way of 58",'58, 58d,

ls'et of vterminals 61. One end of the lever 62 pivoted'at 63 bears on the roller associated with the key, the other end bearing through the roller 64 on the vhead of the rod 65. On motion of the lever about its pivot under the action of the solenoid associated' therewith, the rod will be moved in a vertical direction and when moved downwards it will cause the member 66 to move about the pivot 67 in oppositionA to the springs 68, thus freeing on the extension of the check ratchet. When onthe other hand the member in question is retracted by the springs it will lock the check ratchet in position on completion of the travel of the oscillating bar to the right.

'Ihe perforating solenoid operates the marking punches whiuch'have been selected by the operation of the electromagnets connected to the styles. The selection of the punches is effected by the inward motion of the hammers 69 bearing upon the levers 7 O'connect-J ed by rods 71 to the levers 72. These levers in turnv are connected through rods 73-andf" levers. 74 with the selector bars 36 operating iny association with the opposite marking punches.- A l -The operation of the' hammers and thus the selection of the punches results fromthe completion of the electric circuits in. which' are arranged `their associated electromagnets in'the manner above described. 4

A The transmitting tape produced in this manner is then employed for controlling a transmitter` at one Aend. of la telegraph ory ios telephone circuit therebyoperating a receiving mechanism in order to reproduce the representation.

The transmitting tape may, for instance, be used in controlling` a transmitter and operating a reperforator of the Greed or other suitable type at the receiving station in order to produce a corresponding tape, rsuch tape -bein'g then used in forming a visual represen- 'tation' of the, original, as for instance by moving a lightsensitive 'surface in a continuous manner in relation to means whereby successive small areas of the same may be exposed to the action of light, the exposure of said areas being varied in respect of duration or intensity of light action, by means ofI the tape.

This may beeifected by the employment of apparatus of the character indicated in the specification of Britishv Letters Ratent No. 1,812 of 1920.

f' Alternatively, the tape may beemployed I in controlling an :apparatus in Vwhich they l tape and light sensitive surface are moved continuously.

The apparatus may for instance comprise (see Figure 8) a cylindrical mandrel 75 aboutwhich the light sensitive surface. .is wrapped, the mandrel being arranged under a cover 76 in relation to a projector 77 adapted to project a spot of light onto the lightsensitive surface in such manner that the spot. of light will trace a helical path on' the said surface,V and means 78 adapted to cause the tape 7 9 totravel ata speed bearing an appropriate relationwith the speed of travel of the light sensitive surface in relation to the means adapted to illuminatethe same, and control the exposure thereof.

lThe tape, to this end, is caused to travel between guides 80 over an aperture 81 in the platform 82, being pressed against the same by the block 88 which is also perforated to permit a beam oflight from the lamp 84 passing through theJ lens system 85 to fall upon the tape in such manne-r that the marking holes inthe tape, of which only'one row need be employed for this purpose, will permit the light to pass through the proi jector on to the llight sensitive surface while the portion of the tape intervening between ad'acent holeswill intercept the light.

resuming that a result comparable with that obtained by a 50 line screen .is to be pro- `duced and the circumference of the light sensitive surface supported on the mandrel is four` inches, the tape should be moved at such a speed that approximately one sec tion will control the exposure of 1/50th o a linear inch of the circumference. In other words the mandrel will 4make 1/200th or preferably 2/401sts of a turn, while one section of the tape, is passing, the speed ofl travel ofthe tape' relatively to the speed of rotation of the mandrel in making the record being similarly regulated to secure an' advance of the latter of 1/200th but preferably 2/401sts of a. turn for each section of ta.pe,`

In accordance with this mode of carrying.' the invention into effect a tape, each u nit the preceding' example, with means adapted to select appropriate punches.

The perforator illustrated diagrammatically in .Figure 9 generally'resembles the 6"- mac-hine perforator of the Western Electric Company and it is to be understood that no claim is liliade tozthis construction except in ich are arranged to which is then employed in controlling 'vice adapted to form a visual repro so far as it may be modied for use in the process of telautography or photctelegraphy according to' the invention.` i

The perforator comprises six punches of caused to operate the punches QOOel/Q times in each revolution of the mandrel on which the picture is' mounted, therefore on the completion of one revolution a narrow strip of the picture on the mandrel has been read, that is, recorded atintervals, 200 times. For simplicity it will be considered that a picture #l`long 'is thusl dividedl into 200 divisions each 1/50 of an] inch long. On the second revolution owing lto the fact that the punches are not opera-ted till the mandrel has revolved a further 1/2 of a 1/200 (or 1 M00) of a revolution, the point in the same lateral line as that first rendered is not read, the first stroke of the punch on the second revolution of the mandrel recording a point in the picture 1/2 qf a division behind that point, the area rep esentediby this perforation being intermed ate those lrepresented by points on the same line. in the zones on either side. On the next or third revolution the punch is -again operated as a pointl in the same lateral line as that rst read is passingunder the style and therefore the i punch records vthis point in the taper as in the same relative position as that first read.

Each reading foreach representation cor- 1 responds to the area of astylus point.l On the second revolution of the mandrel the punches are operated before each stylus reaches a point corresponding to that point in the first narrow strip at which the punches were' given their first actuations. Hence upon the completion ofthe second revolution of the mandrel; the tape has been given 201 feeding impulses, and the punches have operated 201 times to form records of 201 points of the second narrow strip, each point on the second narrow strip thus recorded being half-way between the imaginary lines on which the two adjacentl points of the first zone are located.v

The tape formed in this wa may operate a transmitting device and a evice adapted at-the receiving end to form asimilar 'tape a deuction of the original. This devicemay generally resemble the device employed for the like purpose according to Example I, being, however, provided with a plurality of illuminating devices 100, 100, 1001, 100c and 100d (see Figure 10)' the light fromeach of which is directed by means of the lens system 101, 101, 101", 101, 1011, and is controlled by a marking hole arranged at a particular distance from the edge of the tape and the rays permitted to pass by all of the holes are concentrated or directed to form a single spot of light on the light sensitive surface.

This spot will be formed by rays of light from four sources, if there are four marking holes in a line at rightl angles to the direction of `travel of the tape, or from three, two or one sources if there are three, two or one holes the light being completely cut off'if there is no marking holes the tape corresponding with a feed hole, and will be projected on to the light sensitive surface 102 a spindle 104, one end of which is formed as a lead screw 105 operating in the nut 106 adapted to cause the mandrel to travel axially as well as radially, the spindle operating through suitable gearing 107, the tape feed'sprocke't 108 causin the same to travel over the platform or diap ragm 109 in which a slot is'formed with which the holes in the tape will register and permit light to pass through to the projecting lenses mounted in the tube 110 and on to the light sensitive surface which -is mounted on the light-tight cover 111.

Example III.

According to this example, a half tone or line screen reproduction 112 formed of conductive material is mounted on a .mandrel 113 Isecured -to a spindle 114, one end of which is formed as a lead screwy 115 and opcrates on a nut 116, formed on the standard 117, lis operated upon by a single style `or reader-member 118 f-(seeFigures 11 and 12) the reproduction being moved relatively to I the-style through the intermediary of the represented.

` means referred to.

The surface of this reproduction is of course composed of upstandin dots of Various sizes according to the epth of tone tone original and on the ratio of the sizes of the dots to the tones in the original pic, j

dle at an appropriate speed, that is to say', atI

a speed which is so related to the speed of rotation of the mandrel that the brush' will contact lsuccessively with the live segments in passing over a dot of the maximum size or vcorres ondin with the maximum de th of wrapped about the mandrel 103 mounted on s p g p tone. y

The code produced by this form of the invention will therefore be in the form of a.

series of groups of perforations consistin of from one to five holes, each group extening transversely to the length'of the tape.

Means are provided similar to that described -in the preceding examples for operating the punches or groups of unches selected in the manner. described a ove.

The d evice operating upon the representation can conveniently be connected with the device known as the 6A machine perforator of theWestern Electric Company, the contact pieces on the commutator being connected to the conductors connected with the selector magnets.

E mple IV.

According to this example, a 6A machine y rforator of the Western Electric Company 1s used and a half-tone representation is operated upon by a device similar to that described in the preceding example except that the commutator' associated with the mandrel is connected to the relay box ordinarily associated with the 6A machine perforator of the Western Electric Company.

,In this case on the brush -associated with the commutator making contact with the-segments 123,- 123, 123", 123", -123d current is passed by conductors 124, 124% 124", 124, 124d to relays 125, 125, 125, 125, 1,25d which when energized by the current from theinap,

propriate segments close the circuits through their respective selecting magnets, one of which, 90, only is illustrated in Figure 9, and

also close local circuits which maintain the relays in operation until this local circuit is broken `by the overlap relay 126.v The object of thisl overlap relay is to prevent the magnets 90 being Icle-energized, and thus the rods 91 being withdrawn by the springs 92 before the action of punching has taken place. On the movement of the armature 9 5 operating the punch hammer 88, contact 1s made by the spring switch 127 and the relay 126 energized. This breaks the local circuits in which are the relays. 89, 89a, etc.,I and places them in a state suitable for the reception of further impulses from the segments.

It is to be understood that the various specific embodiments described are not to be regarded as delimiting the scope of the'invention but as illustrative only. For instance the word picture is used to designate either an actual picture of a suitable nature or a reproduction or plurality ofrepro'ductions thereof as described in the foregoing specification and also includes written or printed messages. The scope of thev invention is clearly defined by the appended claims.4

We claiml. In an apparatus for transmitting a representation such as a picture or the like, a support for said representation of electrically conductive material, reader means adapted to travel over lthe surface of said representation, means adapt-ed to move said representation and reader means respectively to each other, a source of electricv current connected tosaid support and to said reader means, automatic recording mechanism comprising a plurality of marking means adapted to forman intermediatel record which is not a visual equivalent of said representation, the number of said marking means brought into operation at each markingv movement being dependent upon the current flowingv from said source as -determined by the association of the support for the representation and the reader means.

2. In an apparatus fortransmitting a `representation such as a icture or the like, as claimed in claim 1, ceding means actf ing to move the material on which the intermediate record is formed past the plurality of marking means, said feeding means acting to advance the tape in ain-intermittent manner. l

3. An apparatus for transmitting a. representation such as a picture or thej like, having a support adapted vto hold .a representation, reader means, automatic record forming mechanism associated with the said reader means, and means to produce relative 4move-` ment between the said supportand the said representation such as a picture or the like, a support adapted to'carry the said representation, reader means associated with the said support and adapted to be associated with the picture or the like'carried on the said support, and aiding in rendering the tone values of said picture, means adapted to produce a relative movementbetween the said support. and the said reader means whereby the said reader means are caused to move over the consecutive `small areas'of a picture carried on the said support, automatic perforating mechanism comprisin a series of individually operable punc es adapted to perforate a recordtape, feeding means adapted to feed said tape withv a continuous step by step movement past said punches and independent of the operation thereof and control means for said punches associated with the said reader means and operable according tothe tone value of the small area of said picture in association with the said reader means, the said control means being adapted to control the selection of the said punches which are operative on .the successive zones of the said tape.

5. A device according topclaim 3 comprising a support adapted to carry a plurality of representations of a picture or the like, each said representation corresponding to a predetermined depth of tone of each said' picture, and in a separate reader means associated with each representation.

. 6. An apparatus according to claim 3 comprising a support adapted to carry a series of representations of a picture or the like formed on electric conductive'material, each saidrepresentation corresponding to a pre-- determined depth of tone of said picture or the like, and separate reader means associat with each representation.

7 Apparatus for use in photo-telegraphy com rising a half tone screen representation of e ectricallyI conductive material, the surface of which is composed of conductive dots of sizes varying w1th the depth of tone y represented, a spindle around which saidv representation is mounted means for rotat' mg said spindle and simultaneously feeding same longltudinally, reader means adjusted to contact with the tops of said raised dotsf.

perforator meansv comprising a number of punches connected "with the segments of a commutator, a commutator brush connected to said reader means and serving to complete an electrical circuit during the passage of the reader across a dot and thus to cause the operation of said punches, the number brought into operation depending upon the size of said dot. v

8. Apparatus for-use-in photo-telegraphy comprislng a half tone representation the vsurface of which is composed of raised dots,

reader means adapted to contact with the tops o f said raised dots, means for causing 'said means to travel over the surface of said representatlon, perforator means comprising la number of punches, and a strip of material' formed on electrically conductive material,l

reader means bearing upon the Surface of said representationand mounted in blocks4 tting freely in a bearing member. serving to accurately retain the reader members -in adjusted position, perforator means arranged to be operated Vaccording to the electric current passed by said reader means and representation, a tape adapted lfor use in standard machines intermittently fed past said perforating machines at a rate bearing a predetermined ratio to the speed of revolution of said shaft, and means controlled by said punched tape :for producing a visual reproduction of the representation transmitted.

10. Apparatus for use in photo-telegraphy comprising a spindle adapted' to be rotated and simultaneously fed longitudinally, a plurality of representations to be transmitted mounted upon said spindle, said representations being formed on electrically conductive material, reader means bearing' upon the surface of said'` representations and mounted 'in blocks fitting freely in a bearing member serving to accurately retain the reader members in adjusted position, perforator means arranged to he operated according to the electric current 'passed by said reader-means andrepresentation, a tape adapted for use in standard' machines fed past said perforating machines at a rate bearing a predetermined ratio to the speed of revolution of said shaft, and means controlled by said punched tape for producing a visual reproduction of the representation transmitted.

11. A method of reproducing a representation such as a picture \or the like, which consists in formingI a non-pictorial V4intermediate record of said representation by marking said record with a Vseries of markings adapted-to modify light falling upon said record varying accordingv to the tone values of small areas thereof, andi'then varying the intensity of light acting upon a light sensitive surface according to said markings so that said light produces upon said lightsensitive surface substantial duplicates of said original small areas.

12. In the art of transmitting a representation such as a picture or the like, those steps which consist in forming an intermediate non-pictorial record of the tone values oi' small areas of successive narrow zones of the picture the said record comprising equally spaced markings arranged in series and adapted to modify light falling upon said record, each said series' corresponding to one of said narrow zones, the markings in alternate series being more numerous than the markings in the other series.

13. A non-pictorial record of a representation such as a picture or the like, in the form of aperforated tape having a plurality of perforations arranged i'n successive series, the number of perforations in each series varying in number according to the varying tone values of corresponding small areas ol" said picture.

14. Anon-pictorial record of a representation such as a. picture or the like, as claimed in claim 13 in Which'said perforated tape is of the. form used in the automatic control of standard machines.

15. A non-pictorial composite record of a plurality ol separate representations of a y picture, each said representation corresponding to a given range of tone ot said picture, said record comprising a plurality of discontinuous series of markings arranged in groups. each said series corresponding to one of said representations andthe tone value corrcspmiding thereto, .each .sa-id group correspomling tothe composite tone value of said representations at corresponding small Lareas thereof, so that the presence or absence of any said tone value at any said area is 1ndicat-ed by the presence or absence of the marking in the corresponding series in the said corresponding group oi,` markings.

1G. A method of automatically forming a non-pictorial representation which is not the visual equivalent of the original of a halttone picture or the like, Which consists in formin-g upon a strip of material aseriesol non-pictorial' and sharply defined markings comprising a plurality of successive elements, the said elements corresponding to successive small zonesof the said half-tone picture 'or the like, the area ofv each of said elements 'corresponding to the tone values of 'the respective small areas of the said picture, the

.areas comprised by the said successive elen 'vments having different electrical conductive' properties than the portions of the strip i`n termediate the said elements. f

17. Al method according to claim' 17 in which the said marking` elements comprise sharply defined perforations.

18. A non-pictorial record'which is not the visual equivalent of the original of a half- A tone picture or the like, comprising a strip having a series'of non-pictorial and sharply defined markings thereon the said series properties than the portions of the said strip comprising a succession of elements each of intermediate the said elements.

which corresponds to a small zone of the said In testimony whereof We have signed our l0 picture or the like, the area of each said elenames to this specification.

ment' corresponding to the tone Value of the HARRY GUY BARTHOLOMEW.

said Zone, the areas occupied by the said c lements having different electrical conductive MAYNRD LESLIE DEEPES MCFRLNE- 

